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Selected References
NC State University Coop Extension — Bryan, J. 1989. Bulbs (2 Volumes). Timber Press. Portland, Oregon 97204. Clark, D. E. (ed.) 1986. Sunset Bulbs for All Seasons. Lane Publishing Company. Menlo Park, California 94025. DeHertogh, A.A., and LeNard, M. (Editors). 1992. The Physiology ...More…
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General Aspects for Perennializing Flower Bulbs
NC State University Coop Extension — The primary bulb species used for gardens and landscapes include: true bulbs, corms, tubers, tuberous roots, rhizomes, and enlarged hypocotyls. All are "Geophytes" and, collectively, they are commonly called "Flower Bulbs". Although ...More…
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Table 1. Basic Flowering Periods, Usage and Requirements ...
NC State University Coop Extension — Rock gardens, ground covers, lawns, beds, amongst shrubs and trees. Beds, borders, rock gardens, meadows, boreders of shrubs and trees Beds, shows, borders, cut flowers, ground covers, amongst trees and shrubs. Beds, borders, rock gardens, ...More…
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Failure of Flower Bulbs to Perennialize
NC State University Coop Extension — There are many factors that contribute to the failure of flower bulbs to perennialize in the garden. First, The bulb may not be hardy in the climatic zone. Second, the bulb size was reduced below the minimum required for flowering. This size ...More…
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Storage of Bulbs Prior to Planting
NC State University Coop Extension — Ethylene - Do not store flower bulbs with fruit such as apples or pears prior to planting. Ripening fruit produces ethylene, a gas which can cause "Flower Abortion" and other problems with flowering. Most bulbs should be stored in open trays and ...More…
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Utilization as Fresh Cut Flowers
NC State University Coop Extension — Cut only disease free, high quality flowers at the proper stage of development. Generally, bulb flowers should be cut when 50 percent colored or just open. Flowers should be cut at the coolest and driest time of the day which is generally in the ...More…
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Flower Bulb Hardiness
NC State University Coop Extension — Hardiness - Cold hardiness varies greatly with the bulb species, the exposure temperature and its duration, and the precise conditions in which the bulbs are either packed or planted. In the latter situation, the depth of planting, moisture ...More…
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Planting Hints
NC State University Coop Extension — Planting depth and spacing - To provide winter protection and to reduce mechanical damage in the flower beds, most flower bulbs that perennialize must be planted either 5 inches (12.5 cm) or 8 inches (20 cm) deep to the base of the bulb (Table ...More…
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General Concept
NC State University Coop Extension — General Concept - Flower bulbs selected for perennialization must receive several weeks of foliar senescence. During this period, the mother bulbs either enlarge or are replaced by a daughter generation or offsets are produced. The senescing ...More…
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Construct raised beds
NC State University Coop Extension — Incorporating organic matter. In many instances, incorporating 50%, by volume, of organic matter such as shredded pine bark or compost will greatly improve the drainage of the soil. If, however, the bulbs are to be planted with herbaceous ...More…
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The soil at the site must be well drained!
NC State University Coop Extension — The soil at the site must be well drained! This is a critical factor for planting flower bulbs. The easiest method to determine if the site drains well is to observe the proposed planting area the day after an intensive rainfall. If water remains ...More…
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Flowering Bulbs as Perennials - Lilium Oriental hybrids
NC State University Coop Extension — Lilies, Oriental hybrid lilies Lilium flowers in mid-summer (July/August) for 2-3 weeks (each cultivar) and plants are 2-6 feet tall, depending on the cultivar. Flowers are fragrant. L. 'Star Gazer' Lilium - Oriental hybrids LILIUM - ORIENTAL ...More…