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Renovascular Hypertension: Surgical Perspective
eMedicine — Overview: Systemic hypertension is less common in children than in adults, but the incidence of hypertension in children is approximately 1-5%. The presence of hypertension in younger children is usually indicative of an underlying disease ...More…
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Pulmonary Hypertension, Secondary
eMedicine — Overview: Secondary pulmonary artery hypertension (SPAH) is defined as a pulmonary artery systolic pressure higher than 30 mm Hg or a pulmonary artery mean pressure higher than 20 mm Hg secondary to either a pulmonary or a ... Secondary pulmonary ...More…
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Pulmonary Hypertension, Primary
eMedicine — Overview: Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure with no apparent cause. PPH is also termed precapillary pulmonary hypertension or, more recently, idiopathic pulmonary arterial ...More…
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Pulmonary Hypertension, Idiopathic
eMedicine — Overview: Idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH), previously referred to as primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), is a relatively recently described entity with an unclear etiology. A new classification scheme has been defined, based on ...More…
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Pulmonary Hypertension, Persistent-Newborn
eMedicine — Overview: During fetal life, pulmonary blood flow is low, with less than 10% of the combined cardiac output directed to the lungs. In fetal life, numerous factors, including hypoxia, maintain high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). After birth, ...More…
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Pulmonary Hypertension, High Altitude
eMedicine — Overview: Effects of Altitude Studies of the effects of chronic hypoxemia can be performed in the laboratory by decreasing either the concentration of inspired oxygen or the barometric pressure in a hypobaric chamber. Nature has provided a third ...More…
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Pulmonary Hypertension, Eisenmenger Syndrome
eMedicine — Overview: Eisenmenger syndrome was initially described in 1897 when Eisenmenger reported a patient with symptoms of dyspnea and cyanosis from infancy who subsequently developed heart failure and succumbed to massive hemoptysis.1 The autopsy ...More…
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Pulmonary Hypertension
eMedicine — Overview: Normal pulmonary circulation is a high-flow, low-resistance circuit capable of accommodating the entire right ventricular output at one fifth the pressure of the systemic circulation level. The thin-walled right ventricle functions ...More…
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Portal Hypertension
eMedicine — Overview: Portal hypertension may be defined as a portal pressure gradient of 12 mm Hg or greater and is often associated with varices and ascites. Many conditions are associated with portal hypertension, of which cirrhosis is the ... Staff ...More…
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Neonatal Hypertension
eMedicine — Overview: Recent advances in the ability to identify, evaluate, and care for infants with hypertension, coupled with advances in the practice of neonatology in general, have led to an increased awareness of hypertension in modern neonatal ICUs ...More…
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Hypertension, Malignant
eMedicine — Overview: A hypertensive emergency is a condition in which elevated blood pressure results in target organ damage. The systems primarily involved include the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, and the kidneys. Malignant ...More…
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More on Hypertension
eMedicine — Overview: Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This vascular condition involves every organ system. Ocular involvement was first described in 1859 by Liebreich in the setting of malignant hypertension. Hayreh, ...More…