HIV

Lipodystrophy, HIV

eMedicine — Overview: HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a syndrome that occurs in individuals with HIV infection who are being treated with antiretroviral medications. Although the term HIV-associated lipodystrophy refers to abnormal central fat accumulation ...More…

HIV, Early Recognition and Rapid Testing

eMedicine — Overview: Clinically apparent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection first was recognized in 1981 in homosexual men and parenteral drug users in San Francisco and New York City who presented with evidence of a profound acquired immune ...More…

Dementia Due to HIV Disease

eMedicine — Overview: Physicians frequently encounter neurologic and psychiatric complications in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This is not surprising since the HIV virus enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the ...More…

Childhood HIV Disease

eMedicine — Overview: The World Health Organization1 estimates that approximately 2.3 million children are living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as of 2006. In 2006 alone, 530,000 children were newly infected, an improvement from the 640,000 ...More…

HIV Nephropathy

eMedicine — Overview: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can cause a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to severe immunodeficiency. Renal disease is a relatively common complication in patients ...More…

Ocular Manifestations of HIV

eMedicine — Overview: More than 900,000 individuals are infected with HIV in the United States, and close to 40 million individuals carry the virus worldwide. Among the individuals infected with HIV, approximately 70-80% will be treated for an HIV-associated ...More…

HIV Infection

eMedicine — Overview: Over the past 25 years since the first cases of what we now recognize as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were identified in 1981, the number of children infected with HIV has increased dramatically in developing ...More…

Early Symptomatic HIV Infection

eMedicine — Overview: The clinical effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are diverse, ranging from an acute retroviral syndrome associated with primary HIV infection to a prolonged asymptomatic state to advanced HIV disease. Experts regard ...More…

Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease

eMedicine — Overview: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to represent a major challenge and health problem worldwide. Two types of HIV have been identified. HIV-1 is the main cause of HIV infection throughout the world. HIV-2 is a ...More…

Pamela S Chavis, MD,

eMedicine — Overview: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The primary causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is endemic in the world's population. Worldwide, TB is most common in ...More…

Erica Bang, MD, BS,

eMedicine — Overview: Tuberculosis (TB) is a well-known entity encountered in emergency departments (ED) by the emergency physician (EP). The incidence of suspected TB is significant with the undifferentiated patient. It is common to initiate respiratory ...More…

Pneumonia, Immunocompromised

eMedicine — Overview: Pneumonia in the immunocompromised host involves infection and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Regardless of the reason for altered immune function, pneumonia carries a high mortality rate in immunocompromised ...More…