9. Manganese toxicity
Excess manganese severely reduces the growth of kiwifruit grown in solution culture (Photo 9a). In the field, manganese toxicity causes the growth of the current season’s canes to terminate prematurely and the internode length of these canes to ... [... more]
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3. Nitrogen deficiency
Nitrogen deficiency severely reduces the growth of kiwifruit (Photo 3a). Deficiency symptoms develop first on the older leaves and spread progressively to young leaves until the whole plant is affected (Photo 3b). Initially, there is a gradual ... [... more]
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17. Copper deficiency
The first sign of a deficiency is a uniform light-green chlorosis of the young, immature leaves (Photo 17a), later, the chlorosis becomes more intense in the interveinal area with the primary veins remaining dark green (Photos 17b and 17c); these ... [... more]
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